A number of causes of misconduct "are attributable to the culture and governance practices … as well as its risk management, recruitment and remuneration practices," at NAB in this case, Rowena Orr, counsel assisting told the Hayne royal commission on Friday.Orr laid similar, equally serious, charges against each of the four big banks in Australia as she laid out item after item on which Kenneth Hayne, the commissioner, might conclude there were instances of misconduct or "findings of conduct falling below community standards and expectations."Orr and her back up counsel reviewed a mere six "case studies" over the recent hearings. Those relating to NAB and Commonwealth Bank - both hot spots of irresponsible residential property lending - are the showpieces of the Hayne hearings so far.In all, Orr nailed down more than one hundred instances of misconduct at five banks, with almost as many items of bank conduct deemed by her as being below community standard. For now, these serve as a sample of the chronic matters that the Australian finance industry has part mitigated and part ignored.While each bank-specific case study examined over the last two weeks was no news to the C-suite and the board of each of the big banks concerned, the gory detail and the studied analysis from counsel assisting on Friday of each breach and each failure must heighten questions on the origin stories behind the modern state of Australian banking.Questions of accountability and governance are ones that the commission's inquisitors may dramatise later in the year.At big banks, some matters must be the subject of repetitive reviews to clear up risk frameworks, internal audit effectiveness and the pay and bonus structures that connect many of the topics Hayne has considered so far.Orr, taking Hayne to the detail in relation to NAB's introducer program, explained that "a significant cause of the misconduct was NABs remuneration and incentive scheme which rewarded bankers for the volume of sales of home loans. "The evidence establishes that, from as early as April 2015, NAB was aware that one of the potential root causes for the misconduct was the Star Sales Incentive Program … which rewarded bankers with bonuses for achieving certain targets for the sale of home loans. "The investigation [by NAB] of the misconduct confirmed that the incentive program was a significant contributor to the misconduct."Even more fundamental, in Orr's account, is that "another cause of the misconduct was the inadequacy of NABs policies and processes for the recruitment and training of bankers. "One of the key findings of the root cause analysis conducted by NAB was that their approach to recruitment, training and accreditation of bankers had not been fully effective in ensuring that all b ankers understood consumer lending process compliance requirements."The adjunct; "another cause of the misconduct was the inadequacy of NAB's policies for the recruitment and monitoring of introducers … NAB bankers did not clearly understand the rules in relation to introducers."And on and on the Orr tales go, with reference to "the inadequacy